Colon cancer screening is a crucial topic, as colorectal cancer ranks as the third most common cancer in the US. Approximately 150,000 people receive this diagnosis each year. Sadly, this means around 50,000 individuals will die from colon or rectal cancer.
The recommended age to begin colorectal cancer screening was previously 50. This was based on the increasing likelihood of developing abnormal growths in the colon, known as polyps, with age. However, due to a notable rise in colon cancer among younger individuals, the recommended starting age is now 45.
The Importance of Screening
Many individuals experience no symptoms. Because there’s no early diagnosis blood test, screening tests are critical. Colon cancer screening can detect these polyps before they become malignant.
Consider a colonoscopy as a dual-purpose procedure, serving as both a test and a treatment. During a colonoscopy, a flexible scope is inserted, enabling doctors to visualize tiny polyps, some only millimeters in size, and remove them before they worsen. Colonoscopies offer patients reassurance of being cancer-free and are often fully covered by insurance.
A colonoscopy involves preparation. Mechanical preparation involves consuming liquids the day before the procedure to flush out any waste from the colon.
Different Screening Types
If a colonoscopy seems too invasive, several alternative screening tests are available. Options include Flexible Sigmoidoscopy, CT Colonography, or a stool test.
If those test result are negative, consult with a health professional to discuss further testing, such as a colonoscopy. One common method is the “FIT” test, or fecal immunochemical testing. This basic screening is performed at home.
FIT tests involve sending a sample for analysis. The results check for blood in the stool sample, which could lead to a full colonoscopy. Fecal occult blood test, also known as a fecal occult blood, might sound scary, but looking for occult blood is a standard process.
Stool-based testing has a high false-positive rate, potentially causing unnecessary stress. False positives can result from hemorrhoids, polyps, or minor issues like diverticular bleeding.
Another option is a stool DNA test, like a Cologuard Test. Let’s explore its function and mechanism.
Cologuard and Colon Cancer DNA
A DNA test, like a Cologuard test, gives a closer look into your stool to check DNA and other biomarkers. Cologuard primarily aims to detect cancers, rather than removing harmful growths. However, it does detect some aggressive growths.
The test comes with user-friendly tools. A device is placed on the toilet, the sample is collected, sealed, and placed in the provided pre-paid shipping box.
| Colon Cancer Screening Test | Accuracy Rate | Method | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colonoscopy | 95%+ for detecting advanced adenomas and cancer | Visual exam using a scope | Detects and removes polyps, preventing cancer | Requires prep and sedation; very small risk of complications |
| Stool DNA Test (Cologuard) | 92% for detecting cancer, 42% for advanced adenomas | Analysis of stool sample for DNA mutations | Non-invasive; no prep needed | Lower detection of polyps; false positives (~13%); may miss cancer (~8%) |
| FIT Test ( fecal occult) | 70-80% for detecting cancer | Stool analysis for hidden blood | Non-invasive, can be done at home | False positive rate higher than with DNA test |
| Flexible Sigmoidoscopy | Similar to colonoscopy but views just one third of colon. | Visual examination with a shorter scope | Less prep than colonoscopy, helps prevent some instances of colon cancer | Misses polyps or cancers in the upper colon. Not commonly performed |
| CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy) | Helps spot issues like colon cancers or small growths. | Imaging scan for growths within colon and rectum | Detecting and removing polyps before becoming harmful. | Difficult to use for small, precancerous cells that might develop into cancer. Not commonly used as part of any medical protocol. |
Colon Cancer Risks and Genetic Traits
A Cologuard test might miss small growths. These tests focus on specific DNA types. Consider a colonoscopy’s ability to eliminate any cancer risk before anything develops.
Although colon cancer can affect anyone, family history and genetic traits can indicate a higher likelihood of developing it. Genetic diseases linked to inflammatory bowel issues, like ulcerative colitis, increase the risk of colon problems. Also, a family history of colon cancer in a close relative, such as parent or sibling is considered a big risk factor.
Colorectal cancer is among the more aggressive cancer types. Often, symptoms don’t appear until later stages.
Addressing Colon Cancer
The older population’s numbers remain steady due to regular screenings. However, colorectal cancer is the deadliest for men under fifty. This highlights the urgency of addressing colon health now, not later.
Any worries are diminished after the brief, though uncomfortable, prep. This allows health professionals to gain a clear view of the entire colon.
The test is simple and usually involves deep sedation, resembling a restful nap. Upon waking, you’ll discuss next steps, such as surgery if anything is found. Regular check-ups contribute to higher survival rates.
Another thing that might show next steps would be from participating in clinical trials.
Preventing Colon Cancer
Several lifestyle changes can reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. A diet rich in fiber and low in unhealthy fats helps maintain balance.
Excessive alcohol consumption has negative consequences. Being overweight is linked to colon cancer, and limiting intake helps reduce the risk.
Dietary factors like excessive red meat consumption, processed foods, and even certain meats can negatively impact colon health. Physical activity is also important, so staying active is needed. Adults aged between 45-75 should focus on their colon health.
Conclusion
Colon cancer screening is underutilized. Testing requires an initial step to cleanse the gut.
Given the rapid progression of this disease, colon cancer screening transitions from a recommendation to a necessity at any age after forty-five. Cancer screenings, including thorough examinations of both the colon and rectum, save lives through preventative measures and offer peace of mind.