The role of the prostate gland in men’s health

The prostate gland is about the size of a walnut and weighs an average of one ounce. Despite the gland’s small size, prostate health can play a big role in men’s overall wellbeing. Our North Austin urological specialists encourage men to make an appointment if they are experiencing any symptoms of prostate problems, as many can be effectively treated.

The prostate is a small but important gland

Located below the bladder, this gland is part of the male reproductive system. The urethra – the tube that carries urine and semen out of the body – passes through the prostate. Ducts flow from the prostate into the urethra.

The prostate performs several functions.

• Production of fluid for semen. The prostate generates the fluid that, when combined with sperm cells from the testicles, makes up semen.
• Controls the flow of fluids. The prostate contracts during ejaculation, expelling fluid to mix with sperm cells and seminal fluid to create semen. The prostate works with the bladder’s sphincter muscle to prevent semen from entering the bladder during ejaculation by closing the urethra. Finally, when a man urinates, the prostate muscles seal the ducts, keeping urine from flowing into the prostate.
• Hormone metabolism. Testosterone is transformed into its usable form in the prostate.

When prostate problems occur

Because the urethra runs through the prostate, enlargement or other problems with the prostate can affect urination.

There are several common prostate gland problems that men should be aware of.

• Enlarged prostate (BPH)
• Prostate cancer
• Prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate)

Certain symptoms can indicate prostate problems.

• Weak urine stream
• Urinary urgency or high frequency
• Difficulty starting or stopping urination

Diagnosing problems with the prostate gland

Prostate health can be determined using several different methods.

• Digital rectal exam. The location of the prostate allows our North Austin urological specialists to feel the prostate by inserting a finger in the patient’s rectum. The doctor can detect lumps or nodules on the prostate that could indicate a problem.
• Prostate-specific antigen (PSA). High PSA levels can signal an increased risk of prostate cancer. A blood test can be done to determine PSA levels.
• Prostate biopsy.  If the urologist wants further testing after the rectal exam or PSA test, a prostate biopsy may be done to determine whether cancer is present in the prostate gland.
• Prostate MRI. An MRI can provide detailed prostate images, including additional cancer information.

A healthy prostate gland is important for men, and becomes more critical as they age. Seeing a urologist on an annual basis for a checkup, including a check of prostate health, can prevent problems from developing and identify issues before they become a bigger concern.

Our North Austin urological specialists are available to answer questions and provide information about maintaining prostate health. Contact our urologists to schedule an appointment.